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movement conservatism
Movement conservatism is an inside term describing conservatism in the United States and New Right. According to Nash (2009) the movement comprises a coalition of five distinct impulses. From the mid-1930s to the 1960s, libertarians, traditionalists, and anticommunists made up this coalition, with the goal of fighting the liberals' New Deal. In the 1970s, two more impulses were added with the addition of neoconservatives and the Religious Right.〔George H. Nash, ''Reappraising the Right: The Past and Future of American Conservatism'' (ISI Books, 2009), p. 344.〕
R. Emmett Tyrrell, a prominent writer on the right, says, "the conservatism that, when it made its appearance in the early 1950s, was called the New Conservatism and for the past fifty or sixty years has been known as 'movement conservatism' by those of us who have espoused it."〔R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010) p 127.〕 Political scientists Doss and Roberts say that "The term movement conservatives refers to those people who argue that big government constitutes the most serious problem.... Movement conservatives blame the growth of the administrative state for destroying individual initiative."〔Marion T. Doss and Robert North Roberts, ''From Watergate to Whitewater: The Public Integrity War'' (1996) p. xiv〕 Historian Allan J. Lichtman traces the term to a memorandum written in February 1961 by William A. Rusher, the publisher of ''National Review'', to William F. Buckley, Jr., envisioning ''National Review'' as not just "the intellectual leader of the American Right," but more grandly of "the Western Right." Rusher envisioned philosopher kings would function as "movement conservatives".〔Allan J. Lichtman, ''White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement'' (2008) p. 240〕
Recent examples of conservative writers using the term "movement conservatism" include Sam Tanenhaus,〔The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences (2010) p 10 and book title〕 Paul Gottfried,〔Conservatism in America: Making Sense of the American Right (2009) p. 137—Gottfried is a leading paleo〕 and Jonathan Riehl.〔The Federalist Society and movement conservatism (2008), book title〕 ''New York Times'' columnist Paul Krugman devoted a chapter of his book ''The Conscience of a Liberal'' (2007) to the movement, writing that movement conservatives gained control of the Republican Party starting in the 1970s and that Ronald Reagan was the first movement conservative elected President.
==History==
Paul Krugman described the rise of movement conservatism in his 2007 book ''The Conscience of a Liberal'' as occurring in several phases between 1950 and Reagan's election as President in 1980. These phases included building a conceptual base, a popular base, a business base, and an institutional infrastructure of think tanks. By the 2000s, movement conservatives had substantial control over the Republican Party.〔
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